Review Complete Guide

Have you thoroughly assessed your business's readiness for export and the underlying motivation for internationalisation?

Are you aware of Suriname's current trade integration agreements with the rest of the world and the benefits they offer for exporting Surinamese products or services?

Does your company have a Strategic Planning for Export?

Are you familiar with the different market entry strategies for international markets?

Have you defined your exportable offer (product or service) but are still unsure which markets have the highest export potential?

Do you have a defined Marketing Mix strategy for Product, Price, Place, and Promotion?

Are you familiar with the sources of financing for internationalisation available to Surinamese businesses?

Are you aware of the first steps to export from Suriname?

Do you know the tariff code that applies to your product for export and are you aware of the tools available to identify it?

Do you have knowledge of the mandatory requirements and the procedure to comply with export regulations from Suriname at a general level?

Do you have knowledge of the origin requirements and steps to follow for exporting from Suriname at a sector-specific level?

Are you aware of the key aspects of the supply chain and logistics in international trade?

Do you know the different types of international transport and the contractual arrangements that apply to transportation?

Are you familiar with the various types of protection of goods for international trading?

Do you understand the different INCOTERMS and the implications each one has on the cost and responsibilities of the exporter and importer?

Are you aware of the standard documentation required for export?

Are you interested in learning about the requirements and key aspects for exporting to these regions?

2. Environment and Motivation for Exporting

This section describes the key elements that influence a company's decision to export and the strategic considerations that follow.

It begins by exploring both internal and external factors that shape export strategies, including motivations and obstacles that companies may encounter. The section also outlines the main reasons businesses pursue internationalization, distinguishing between proactive initiatives and reactive responses.

Additionally, it highlights common export barriers—whether internal challenges or external, exogenous constraints.

Finally, it presents an overview of Suriname’s involvement in international trade agreements, emphasizing how these multilateral and bilateral arrangements can support and facilitate the export process.

What you will find in this section:

2.1 Why Export?

Motivations can be proactive or reactive:

• Proactive motivations: Benefits and growth, technological competition, opportunities in foreign markets. For example, for Surinamese companies, the ease and opportunities to do international business thanks to integration and international cooperation agreements such as CARICOM are a reason to internationalise.
• Reactive motivations: Competitive pressures, saturated national market, excess production. For example, in Suriname the size of the market is limited, so the growth of the business sector depends on its internationalization to expand the market.

2.2 Need for a clear Export Strategy

Before exporting, it is important for companies to consider some external and internal issues that can help plan their export strategy:

External issues that may affect the export strategy:

• Be informed of trends, know what customers want. Is your product or service fully market fit?
• Identify market dynamics. Who is currently supplying the demand? What is the distribution of the current market?
• How is the participation of the main actors?
• Know the target segment. What are the characteristics of the target market or potential buyers?
• What is the size of the market?

Internal issues that may affect the export strategy:

• Review the status of your company in administrative, financial, legal aspects and market experience.
• Validate the potential of your product or service.
• Identify the differentiating factor. Determine what your company's strengths and weaknesses are.
• Analyse the behaviour of your product or service in the markets.
• Identify your direct competitors (in the national and international market).

2.3 Barriers to Exporting

An export barrier is any element or factor, internal or external, that hinders or dissuades the company from starting, maintaining or increasing export activity.

After reviewing most of the existing studies, it is proposed to group export barriers or obstacles into four generic categories:

• Knowledge barriers: Lack of knowledge of markets, lack of information about opportunities.
• Resource barriers: Lack of production capacity, financial difficulties.
• Procedural barriers: Bureaucracy, cultural and linguistic barriers.
• Exogenous barriers: Exchange rate risk, political instability.

2.4 Suriname's current trade integration agreements with the rest of the world

Suriname belongs to several integration processes such as:

• CARICOM: Member State of the Caribbean Community and the Common Market
• CARIFORUM: Member State of the Caribbean Forum Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific States

In addition, Suriname has a number of multilateral and bilateral agreements that make it a country with good access to other markets. These agreements represent a competitive advantage for exporters, since they apply reduced or zero tariffs. To take advantage of these opportunities, it is important to understand the key concepts and agreements that shape Suriname’s international trade environment.

Contents of this subsection:

2.4.1 Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) Provisions

The Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) principle is a fundamental rule in international trade, ensuring that any advantage, favour, privilege, or immunity granted by one country to the products, services, or nationals of another country must be extended to all other WTO members.

Key Aspects of MFN:

• Non-Discrimination: If a country lowers tariffs or removes trade barriers for one trading partner, it must do so for all WTO members.
• Application in Goods and Services: MFN is a cornerstone of both the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (for goods) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) (for services).
• Exceptions: Certain exceptions to MFN exist, such as regional trade agreements (e.g., EU, NAFTA) and special treatment for developing countries under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP).

2.4.2 General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)

The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), established under the WTO framework in 1995, sets rules for international trade in services. It aims to ensure transparency, predictability, and non-discrimination in the services sector.

Key Features of GATS:

• MFN Treatment: Countries cannot favour one WTO member’s services over another unless an exception applies (such as regional agreements).
• Market Access Commitments: Countries commit to allowing foreign service providers access to their markets under specific conditions.
• National Treatment: Once a foreign service provider enters the market, it must be treated no less favourably than domestic competitors.
• Four Modes of Supply: GATS covers services supplied through:
  • Cross-border supply (e.g., online services).
  • Consumption abroad (e.g., tourism, education abroad).
  • Commercial presence (e.g., foreign banks setting up branches).
  • Presence of natural persons (e.g., professionals working temporarily in another country).

Both MFN provisions and GATS are crucial for maintaining fair, open, and non-discriminatory trade policies across international markets.

2.4.3 Trade integration agreements that benefit Suriname:

Multilateral agreements

• WTO Treaty
• CARICOM-Costa Rica Free Trade Agreement
• Free Trade Agreement between CARICOM and the Dominican Republic
• Second Protocol to the Trade and Economic Agreement between CARICOM and the Government of the Republic of Cuba
• CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement
• Economic Partnership Agreement between CARIFORUM and the United Kingdom

Bilateral agreements

• Agreement with Brazil on Tariff Concessions for Trade in Rice
• Trade Agreement between the Republic of Suriname and the Republic of Indonesia
• Memorandum of Understanding Suriname-Antigua and India
• Memorandum of Understanding Suriname-Antigua and Barbuda
• Memorandum of Understanding Suriname – Barbados
• Memorandum of Understanding between Suriname and Dominica
• Memorandum of Understanding between Suriname and Ghana (Tourism and Mining)

In addition, Suriname has a number of multilateral and bilateral agreements that facilitate trade with other markets. However, not all of these agreements grant reduced or zero tariffs. Exporters should verify the specific benefits and conditions of each agreement before engaging in trade activities.

2.4.4 CARICOM and the EU Preferential Trade Agreement

Suriname benefits from the CARICOM-EU preferential trade agreement, which enhances Suriname's access to the European market. This agreement allows Suriname and other CARICOM member states to export goods to the EU with reduced or zero tariffs, under preferential terms.

One of the key advantages of the CARICOM-EU agreement is the accumulation of origin principle. This allows products originating from CARICOM states (such as Suriname) to benefit from EU preferences even if they undergo processing or transformation in another CARICOM country, as long as the final product meets the EU’s origin requirements.

Under this accumulation principle, goods processed in other CARICOM countries can still count as originating from Suriname (or any other CARICOM member state), making it easier for Surinamese businesses to access EU markets without facing significant barriers or high tariffs.

Example: Exporting wood from Suriname

Let’s consider an example involving wood to illustrate how this mechanism works in practice:

Step 1: Export from Suriname: A Surinamese company exports raw timber to a CARICOM member state, such as Dominican Republic. While the timber is sourced from Suriname, it may not meet the EU’s specific rules of origin if it is shipped directly to the EU, as the raw timber has not undergone sufficient transformation.

Step 2: Processing in Dominican Republic: In Jamaica, the timber is processed, for example, by sawing the logs into planks or manufacturing furniture components. Under the accumulation of origin principle, this processing is considered as part of the transformation that qualifies the product for EU preferential treatment.

Step 3: Export to the EU: The processed wood (planks or furniture parts) can then be exported to the EU at reduced or zero tariffs. Even though the raw timber originated in Suriname, the final product, as processed in Dominican Republic, can still be considered as originating from Dominican Republic, thanks to the accumulation principle in the CARICOM-EU agreement.

This mechanism helps Surinamese companies by allowing them to collaborate with other CARICOM countries for processing and transformation, while still benefiting from preferential access to the EU market.

2.4.5 Practical Aspects of Trade Integration Agreements

To gain a deeper understanding of the applicable tariffs for each product in the various target markets, please refer to the section "Market Research", subsection "Tariff Barriers", which highlights the importance of this analytical variable in defining the target market. It also provides various sources of information to check the applicable tariffs for our product in the destination market.

It is important to note that, in order to benefit from preferential trade agreements, companies must prove the origin of their products to the customs authorities of the destination country. There are specific procedures and documents for this purpose, such as the Certificate of Origin, which is the official document issued by the competent authority of the exporting country. This document verifies the country where the product has been produced, manufactured, or processed and must be presented as part of the customs clearance process when importing goods.

3. Strategic Planning for Export

This section of the guide addresses the key strategic decisions for a company to internationalise. Exporting initially requires a market selection to determine the specific characteristics of the country or region to which you want to export, identifying export prices, taxes, legal requirements, identification of trade and double taxation agreements, supply and demand behaviour and other relevant aspects by analysing potential markets and identifying opportunities and threats.

The roadmap should contain at least:

• Exportable supply: the company's products with the greatest opportunities to be in demand and successful in international markets
• Market analysis: Countries of interest, resulting from the completion of a structured exercise of selection of priority markets.
• Objectives of internationalization
• Action Plan
• Resources required - budget
• Deadlines (Schedule)
• Mechanisms for monitoring and controlling the execution of the plan.

What you will find in this section:

3.1 Modes of Entry into International Markets

The choice of the way to enter new markets is one of the most important decisions in the international expansion strategy. The form of entry has direct effects on the results that will be obtained in the different countries, since the resources used, the risks assumed, the marketing channel and the control of operations will be different for each type of option.

There are four main methods of entry into international markets:

1. Indirect Export: An intermediary, such as an importer or distributor, is used to resell the products to the end customer.
2. Direct Export: The company sells directly to customers abroad, either through its own sales team or through e-commerce.
3. Partnership agreements: The company forms alliances to share risks and benefits, including agreements such as licenses, franchises, consortiums or Joint Ventures.
4. Local Presence: The company establishes a physical presence in the target market, such as a branch, branches, or commercial subsidiary.

Below is a diagram with the forms of entry into international markets from the lowest to the highest degree of control and risk assumed by the exporting company. It is important to note that companies

Illustration 1 Outline of Entry Forms in International Markets

Source: Own elaboration

3.2 Market Research

Before going international, companies must carry out general research based on different variables (also referred to as ‘indicators’) to carry out the selection of target markets. Below is a table with the variables that are usually analysed:

Below is a table outlining the key indicators essential for conducting a market research study:

Contents of this subsection:

3.2.1 Market Potential variables

Understanding the potential of a target market requires the analysis of key economic indicators that directly influence the success of internationalization efforts. Economic growth projections, purchasing power per capita, the volume and evolution of imports, and the origin of current suppliers provide a solid foundation for evaluating market attractiveness. 

A country with sustained GDP growth and high purchasing power is more likely to offer greater opportunities for entry and expansion. Similarly, high import volumes of a specific product signal existing demand, while knowing which countries already export to that market—especially if they have a similar profile to Suriname—can highlight real opportunities for competitive positioning.

Contents of this subsection:

3.2.1.1 Economic growth of the country

The first data to analyse is the growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the forecast for the coming years in each of the countries studied. A growing and sustained demand (GDP growth above 5%) will facilitate market access. On the other hand, in a situation of stagnant GDP (around 1%) or in recession, it will be exceedingly difficult to enter the country. 

There are various sources that offer forecasts of economic growth by country. Among the most widely used is the International Monetary Fund, which publishes the World Economic Outlook on a quarterly basis, which revises and updates GDP growth forecasts by country.

3.2.1.2 Purchasing power per capita

A fact that also conditions demand is the income level of each country, which is measured by Purchasing Power Parity per capita (PPP), which is the best exponent of the purchasing power of the inhabitants of a country. The CIA’s online publication The World Factbook provides this information.

3.2.1.3 Volume and evolution of imports

An essential criterion is the volume of imports that the company sells into the country. It is the figure that best reflects the potential of the market and, in turn, one that is easiest to obtain. 

To find out what a country imports and exports of each product, you must first identify the 4-digit tariff code (heading) or, preferably, the 6-digit tariff code (subheading). This identification can be made through several official sources:

• World Customs Organization Harmonized System Tool
• Harmonized Tariff Schedule Search of the US Government
• TARIC Consultation of the European Commission.

Once the tariff code is known, import statistics by country and product can be obtained from different databases such as:

• Trademap
• United Nations, UN Comtrade
• European Union, Eurostat.

3.2.1.4 Exports from the country of the company

This variable will indicate which countries supply imports to our target market, providing a global perspective and helping to identify opportunities for Suriname to export to this country.

A potential business opportunity could be if other CARICOM countries are already exporting a significant volume of our product to this market. If countries with a similar profile to Suriname are engaging in exports, there may be real business opportunities.

As in the previous variable, export statistics by country and product can be obtained from sources such as Trademap, United Nations, UN Comtrade, or the European Union, Eurostat, among other sources.

3.2.2 Accessibility and risk variables

It is essential to understand the key barriers and factors that affect market accessibility when expanding internationally. These include tariff and non-tariff barriers, which influence pricing, competitiveness, and market viability. Additionally, political and commercial risks, the ease of doing business, and ethical aspects like transparency and corruption levels play a critical role in determining a business’s ability to successfully enter and operate in a target market.

Contents of this subsection:

3.2.2.1 Tariff barriers

Tariffs are taxes on the import of products that are applied at the customs of entry of the countries, so they represent a direct increase on the price of the product, and, with it, a lower competitiveness of imported products compared to local ones. They are usually applied as a percentage of the customs value of the goods (ad valorem tariffs). By way of guidance, it can be said that in order for tariffs to be considered a significant barrier, they must be higher than 5% in industrial products and 10% in consumer products.

As mentioned in the "2.3 Suriname's Current Trade Integration Agreements with the Rest of the World" subsection of the Export Guide, there are multilateral and bilateral trade agreements that facilitate the exchange of goods between regions and/or countries. Surinamese companies can benefit from these trade integration agreements through the application of reduced or zero tariffs.

To take advantage of these benefits, the exporting company must request the Certificate of Origin, issued by the competent authority of the exporting country, and include it in the customs clearance process when importing goods. The Certificate of Origin is the official document that verifies the country where the product has been produced, manufactured, or processed.

3.2.2.2 Sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical regulations.

In addition to tariff barriers, there are others to the import of products. These are mainly quantitative restrictions, which establish a limit to the amount of product that a country can import (quotas, licenses), as well as the so-called technical barriers, which involve certification and homologation processes of national agencies. These are applied to a wide range of products, either to check that their use does not affect the health or safety of citizens in a way that is detrimental to the health or safety of citizens, or that they meet a series of formal standards.

Information on non-tariff barriers is complex to obtain, since it is applied product by product, so the casuistry is immense. Some useful sources for identifying non-tariff barriers are:

3.2.2.3 Political and commercial risk

Another relevant criteria in the selection of target countries is the political and business risk that a company must assume in its international operations. Depending on the form of entry chosen, the risks in transactions (if the company is going to export) and in investments (if the company is going to establish itself in the country) must be analysed.

3.2.2.4 Ease of doing business

The evolving global economy has led to an increasing number of countries adopting business-friendly regulations and legislation, facilitating company establishment and operations while maintaining competitive costs.

These and many other factors (a total of 5) are evaluated in the Heritage Foundation’s annual Index of Economic Freedom. This ranking assesses countries based on their business environment, with higher positions indicating greater ease in starting a local company and conducting business activities within the market.

It is also essential to consider other factors that influence business interactions across different markets and cultures. For instance, in many Arab countries, the weekend falls on Friday and Saturday, with the workweek running from Sunday to Thursday.

Additionally, working hours and workday structures vary by country. In Suriname, a standard workday typically runs from 08:00 to 16:30, depending on the sector. In contrast, countries like Spain commonly follow a split workday, with a morning shift from 09:00 to 14:00 and an afternoon shift from 16:00 to 18:30.

3.2.2.5 Transparency and corruption

Finally, among the criteria for accessibility to the country, it is necessary to take into account the ethical component of business, which encompasses aspects such as transparency in information, regulations on tenders and tenders, contracting practices in administrations and companies, the level of corruption, bribery, etc. 

Perhaps the most significant methodology for evaluating this criterion at the international level is that of the organization Transparency International, which establishes an annual ranking of countries, according to the degree of perceived corruption.

3.3 Marketing Mix (Product, Price, Distribution and Promotion)

When expanding into international markets, it is essential to develop a marketing strategy that is tailored to each specific market. This ensures that your approach resonates with local consumers and maximizes your chances of success. To achieve this, the strategy must be adapted to four key elements:

• Product: Adaptation of characteristics, brand and design.
• Price: Competitive strategies, tariffs and logistics costs.
• Place: Suitable local channels.
• Promotion: Campaigns adapted to the culture and consumption habits.

Contents of this subsection:

3.3.1 Product

The tastes, needs and, therefore, demands in the global market may not coincide with those generated in the local market, so it must be clear which products to export in each of the cases, so we must ask ourselves:

• What are the most suitable products for new markets?
• What are the main strengths of my product?
• Do I have to bring all my products in at once?
• What degree of adaptation do they need?
• What are inseparable elements and product characteristics?
• How are they developed and marketed?

In general, the choice of the asset to be internationalised is guided by 2 basic elements:

1. Profitability potential in the target market (profits).
2. Need to adapt to destination (risk of introduction).

These 2 variables act in the opposite way, so it is advisable to select the product with the highest profitability and the least risk or adaptation needs to the target market.

In addition, in the product variable, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:

• Product levels.
• Product Policies
• Branding, packaging, packing and labeling

Information on each of them is presented below:

Product Levels

When developing a product strategy for international markets, it is critical to identify and understand the diverse levels at which the product is presented, as each level offers specific value to the customer:

• Essential Product: This level refers to the fundamental benefits that the product provides, that is, the basic need it satisfies. For example, in the case of a mobile phone, the core product would be the ability to communicate.
• Real Product: At this level, the physical and tangible characteristics of the product are described, including its design, quality, style, branding, and functionalities. It is the physical manifestation of the product that the customer purchases, such as the technical specifications of a mobile phone.
• Augmented Product: This level encompasses the additional services and benefits that accompany the product, offering added value that distinguishes it from the competition. Examples of this include warranties, after-sales service, and technical support, which can influence the customer's purchase decision.

Product Policies

To ensure success in international markets, it is crucial to define clear policies that guide the exportable supply for a given market, taking into account:

• Product chosen for the market
• Product shelf life
• Product positioning quality (what standards the product is going to be offered with)
• Warranties and Warranty Terms
• Market-specific product innovations
• Other 

Product validation in the target market is essential to determine which policies will be worked under, thus ensuring acceptance and success.

Branding, packaging, packaging and labelling

• Brand – Branding: The choice of brand is a crucial strategic decision. It must be justified if you opt for your own brand or a private label, highlighting the benefits associated with each option. The brand presentation must include the logo, isotype and corporate colours, aligned with the company's Corporate Manual and/or Brand Manual. In this regard, there are cases such as consumer products and specialized profile products, in which the brand plays a fundamental role in customer loyalty. It is important that companies that compete with other brands in their segment are able to use effective marketing tools that awaken in the consumer a feeling of "loyalty" towards the brand. A very effective technique is to use the story concept in the marketing campaigns of our product.
• Packaging: It is important that the packaging is not only functional, but also attractive to consumers. The need for the packaging, the material used, and how these aspects offer competitive advantages, such as protection, sustainability, and aesthetics, should be explained.
• Packing: Packing should be undertaken based on the characteristics of the product and the needs of the target market. This must ensure the security of cargo during international transport and meet the expectations of direct buyers, such as importers, agents and distributors. In some cases, packing plays a key role in the product distribution chain, particularly for fragile products that require special transport such as CO2, O2 and air flow containers, etc., so that the end consumer receives the product in perfect condition.
• Labelling: The product label must contain precise commercial and technical information, complying with the local regulations of the target market and facilitating consumers' understanding of the product.

Product Strategy

To address different international markets, two main strategies can be employed:

• Standardization (Quality standards): It consists of offering a uniform product that responds to the demands of the majority of the market, capitalizing on the homogenization of tastes and preferences at a global level.
• Adaptation (Grade): This strategy involves adjusting the product to the specific needs and requirements of each international market, allowing for greater customization and potentially greater acceptance in diverse markets.
• Within the adaptation strategies there are grades of product adaptation depending on the level of performance within a category. In cases of higher grade of product adaptation, we speak of niche product strategies.

3.3.2 Price

Price Analysis Factors

Before establishing a pricing strategy in international markets, it is crucial to conduct a thorough analysis of competitor pricing, using reliable sources. 

Setting prices based on competition requires a thorough understanding of margin structures across the distribution chain. Through market research, executives can gather information on retail prices, importing companies, and market shares using tools such as store checks and consultancy reports. 

However, obtaining data on the prices at which competitors sell to retailers or importers is challenging, import statistics provide average category prices for products from a given country but they do not reveal prices at the company or brand level. 

Since distributors rarely disclose their margins, experienced executives use "reverse price breakdown analysis", which involves reversing the export pricing structure to estimate competitors' costs.

This analysis should answer the following guiding questions:

• What are the direct and indirect competitor prices for like products in the target market? This information allows you to understand the competitive environment and position the product in relation to its competitors.
• What is the average price that direct customers, such as importers, agents or distributors, are willing to pay for the product? This factor is vital to adjust the pricing strategy and ensure that the product is attractive to buyers in the target market.

How could the price variation affect it? It is important to consider price elasticity, seasonality, etc., i.e. how a change in price might influence demand for the product.

Pricing Policy

The price policy must be carefully defined for the exportable supply, taking into account various variables that can affect profitability and competitiveness in the international market. Among the variables to be considered to establish the pricing policy are:

• Payment methods (what are the payment options available for international customers)
• Terms of the negotiation (such as payment terms and deliveries)
• Contract payment terms (based on INCOTERMS) Applicable Incoterm (defining the responsibilities of the company and the buyer with respect to transportation, insurance, and risks)
• Average market price (average price range) and average competitor price.
• Pricing and negotiation considerations (taking into account factors such as purchase volume, payment terms, and customer strength)
• Discount policies and their conditions
• Costs:
  • Production costs (costs associated with the production of the product such as materials, labour, other direct production costs such as energy, maintenance, etc.)
  • Logistics costs (transport, insurance, duties): These costs vary greatly depending on consignment size and frequency.
• Product margin (assessing the profit margin in relation to the expected or determined price)
• Ability to meet demand at those prices while maintaining the agreed quality and deadlines. 

Pricing Strategy

There are several pricing strategies that can be applied depending on the company's objectives and market conditions:

• Low-priced income: Introduce the product at a low price to quickly gain market share, increase sales, and benefit from economies of scale that allow costs and prices to be reduced even further.
• Similar prices: Establish a price similar to that of competitors after a thorough analysis of the market, thus avoiding a price war, especially useful when competitive advantages are not evident or when the company is new to the market.
• Premium Pricing: Set high prices for products that have a clear competitive advantage and are perceived as high value by customers, clearly differentiating themselves from competitors.

3.3.3 Place

Place or distribution is a key element in marketing strategy, as it determines how and where products will reach the end consumer. The choice of distribution strategy should be aligned with the company's business objectives and the characteristics of the target market.

Distribution channel outline

To implement the selected distribution strategy, it is crucial to identify and detail the channels through which the products will be marketed. 

The decision on the type of distribution channel will directly depend on the understanding and knowledge of the different actors involved in the distribution chain of our product (manufacturer, manufacturer for intermediate products, wholesaler, retailer, specialty stores, hospitality, e-commerce platforms, etc.).

The clear identification of these channels and providing a brief overview of the distributors or importing companies that will be the company's direct customers makes it possible to plan how the product will efficiently reach the end consumer and facilitates supply chain management.

Distribution Policy

Distribution policies must be clearly established to ensure that the product reaches the market effectively. Below are the key variables to consider:

• Coverage: definition of the territorial scope of the distribution: local, regional, national or international
• Channel width: identification of the number of intermediaries at each level of the distribution channel (wholesalers, retailers, etc.)
• Channel length: identification of the number of levels in the distribution chain, from the product to the final consumer.

Place Strategy

Below are three main place strategies, each with its specific focus:

• Intensive: It is marketed on a massive scale, seeking to be present in as many buyers or points of sale as possible.
• Selective: A limited number of buyers are selected, considering aspects or criteria related to the target market, seeking specialised marketing.
• Exclusive: It is marketed to a buyer(s) of specialised products. In certain situations, it occurs with exclusivity contracts, being considered more restrictive than selective one.

3.3.4 Promotion

Product promotion studies the efforts that the company carries out to make the product known and increase its sales to the public: advertising, public relations, product localization, etc.

Types of Promotion Activities

• Direct Activities: It is crucial to identify and select the most effective promotional activities for the company's sector and target market. Some of these activities may include participation in international fairs, trade missions, buyer meetings, business roundtables, showrooms, telemarketing, pop-ups, and multi-brand stores. In special situations, such as contingencies, it is important to consider alternative events that are aligned with the company's business strategy, such as reverse wheels or special activations.Before selecting these activities, it is advisable to carry out prospecting work on the target market. This allows you to understand the business dynamics and ensure that the activities chosen are the most appropriate to achieve the objectives of the business plan.
• Advertising: Advertising plays an important role in product promotion. This may include media relations, such as press releases or releases, presentations of new offerings, press conferences, and sponsorship of sporting or cultural events. It is also important to establish relationships with public and private entities to strengthen the brand's presence in the market.

Digital Presence

Online marketing or Digital Presence is a powerful tool to reach and retain customers in the international market. This plan should begin with an evaluation of the company's current situation in the digital field, considering its web positioning, presence on social networks, and other online platforms.

The objectives of the online marketing plan can vary from attracting new customers to converting and retaining them. To achieve these goals, specific strategies can be implemented in social networks, email marketing campaigns, web optimization, blogs, product review sites, e-commerce platforms, online directories and google listing. It is essential to clearly define KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and use measurement tools to evaluate the success of campaigns.

The plan should include a detailed timeline of the actions to be executed and the promotional means that will be used to capture the customer's attention, such as graphics, videos, and other communication products.

Promotion Strategy

For effective promotion, it is essential to combine different strategies that span both traditional and digital marketing:

• Advertising and Promotion: Use traditional and digital media to reach the target audience with coherent and attractive messages.
• Public Relations: Establish and maintain strong relationships with the media, institutions, and other entities that may influence the perception of the brand.
• Online Marketing: Develop a strong and consistent presence in the digital environment, using tools and platforms that maximise product visibility and engagement.

These strategies, when implemented correctly, help to create a solid and attractive image of the brand, facilitating entry and consolidation in international markets.

3.4 International Risk Management

International risk management is a crucial component for the success and sustainability of companies looking to expand into global markets. 

As organizations venture into new geographies, they must anticipate and manage various risks that may arise due to political, economic, and social instability, financial fluctuations, and cultural differences. These factors can affect business operations, generate financial losses, or complicate negotiations, making it essential to have clear strategies in place to mitigate these risks. 

Through a proactive approach and the use of specific tools, companies can reduce uncertainty and enhance the stability of their international transactions, ensuring safer and more effective expansion.

Contents of this subsection:

3.4.1 Country Risk

This risk is associated with a country’s political, economic, and social instability that can affect business operations. Factors such as changes in government, armed conflicts, international sanctions, nationalization of industries, or natural disasters can disrupt trade or increase operating costs. In addition, changes in customs procedures, trade regulations, taxes, or tariffs can directly impact exports and imports. For example, there are countries with strict customs procedures or that can arbitrarily retain products, the export company must take this into account to follow the necessary complaint mechanisms and procedures.

3.4.2 Financial Risk

It involves currency fluctuations that affect the exchange rate, generating losses in foreign currency transactions. It also includes credit and non-payment risk, i.e., the possibility that a customer or business partner will not meet their payments on time or in full, and liquidity risk, where the company faces difficulties in covering financial obligations due to payment delays or banking restrictions.

3.4.3 Cultural Risk

It refers to differences in values, customs, languages and forms of negotiation between countries that can generate misunderstandings or conflicts. For example, different perceptions of time, communication styles (direct or indirect), expectations in business relationships, and approaches to decision-making can complicate collaboration. Lack of knowledge of these differences can affect the effectiveness of negotiations and success in entering new markets.

Several mechanisms help mitigate risks in international trade, ensuring secure and efficient transactions:

1. Trade Finance Instruments – Tools like letters of credit (LCs) and bank guarantees provide payment security, reducing counterparty risk.
2. Export Credit Insurance – Protects exporters against non-payment due to buyer insolvency or political risks.
3. Hedging Strategies – Currency hedging (using forward contracts or options) minimizes risks from exchange rate fluctuations.
4. Diversification – Expanding markets and supplier bases reduces reliance on a single country or partner.
5. Due Diligence & Compliance – Conducting credit checks, assessing political stability, and ensuring regulatory compliance lower financial and operational risks.
6. Contracts & Dispute Resolution – Clearly defined contracts with arbitration clauses help resolve disputes efficiently.
7. Supply Chain Financing – Ensures smooth cash flow, reducing financial stress for both buyers and suppliers.

By combining these strategies, businesses can safeguard against uncertainties and enhance trade stability.

3.5 Sources of Finance for Internationalization

Exporters and businesses looking to expand internationally from Suriname can access various resources and financial support programs. Below are key institutions and initiatives that provide funding, trade finance, and business development support:

Trade Finance and Export Credit

• GODO Credit Cooperation Bank: Offers export credit with interest rates ranging from 16-20%.
• KMO Unit (Klein- en Middelgrote Ondernemingen Unit): Supports small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with financing and export-related guidance.
• NOB (Ondernemer - NOB): Provides information and advisory services for entrepreneurs looking to expand internationally.

Financial Support Programs

• Surge Program: A funding initiative designed to support businesses in Suriname seeking growth and internationalization.
• IntEnt Fund: A financial assistance program for companies expanding beyond domestic markets.
• FONDSENBOEK-van-SURINAME (Book of Funds): A reference guide to available financial aid. While some programs may be outdated, businesses are advised to contact donors directly to confirm their current availability.

Business Advisory and Export Assistance

• PUM Netherlands Senior Experts: Provides expert advice and mentorship for Surinamese businesses looking to expand internationally (Suriname - PUM).
• NIKOS (Network Institute for Knowledge and Service): Offers strategic advice and recommends relevant funding opportunities for exporters.

4. First steps to export from Suriname

This section describes the key preparatory steps that businesses in Suriname must take to begin exporting. 

It starts with guidance on how to prepare for export, including how to select the right product and classify it correctly under the Harmonized System. It then explains the registration requirements for exporters, such as enrollment with the Chamber of Commerce, the Tax Authority, and Customs. 

Finally, it outlines specific export requirements for different sectors, highlighting the importance of digital documentation, product certifications, and compliance with sector-specific regulations, particularly for goods such as fish, agri-food products, and wood.

What you will find in this section:

4.1 How to prepare to export

Identification of the product or service to be exported

Before exporting, it is essential to have defined what product you are going to export, it is necessary to identify it within the international categorization of goods, identifying it within the tariff classification.

Tariff classification is a system of categorization of goods (Harmonized System) whose first six digits are called the tariff subheading and identifies a product in any country. In addition, each country in its Customs Tariff adds other digits, usually four, thus completing 10 digits. Below is the example of categorization by tariff code of some of the goods exported from Suriname: 

• • 1006.10 - Rice in the husk (paddy or rough)
  • 0803.10 - Bananas and plantains, fresh or dried:
    • 0803.10.10.00 - Bananas and plantains Fresh
    • 0803.10.20.00 - Bananas and plantains Dried

With the tariff subheading, we can also detail the taxes or customs duties that are charged on goods that enter a country definitively; They also include some market access conditions and preferences granted in free trade agreements.

4.2 Registration Requirements and Procedures for Exporting from Suriname

First of all, the mandatory procedures for any exporter from Suriname include setting up as a company to legitimize the export activity. Therefore, any company or individual intending to export must meet the following prerequisites:

• Registration with the Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Suriname
• Registration with the Suriname Tax Authority (Belastingdienst Tax Office)
• Registration procedure for the Suriname Customs Single Document under the Automated Customs System (ASYCUDA)

Contents of this subsection:

4.2.1 Registration - Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Suriname

This register records information about businesses operating in Suriname. To obtain an extract from the commercial register, you can follow these steps:

1. Visit the Chamber of Commerce: Go to the Chamber of Commerce office in Paramaribo.
2. Submit a request: Fill out a request form and submit it to the Chamber of Commerce.
3. Pay the fee: Pay the required fee for the extract.
4. Collect the extract: Once the extract is ready, you can collect it from the Chamber of Commerce.

4.2.2 Registration - Suriname Tax Authority (Belastingdienst Tax Office)

This registration is necessary for tax purposes and to comply with other financial regulations. Procedure for registering with the Ministry of Finance and Planning:

1. Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN): This is the first step in registering with the Ministry of Finance and Planning. You can obtain a TIN by visiting the tax office and submitting the required documents.
2. Register for Value Added Tax (VAT): If your company's annual turnover exceeds a certain threshold, you will be required to register for VAT.1
3. Register for other taxes: Depending on the nature of your business, you may also be required to register for other taxes, such as corporate income tax and import duties.

Additional information:

• The specific requirements for registering with the Ministry of Finance and Planning may vary depending on the type of business and the industry in which it operates.
• It is advisable that companies consult with a tax advisor or accountant to ensure that you comply with all of the relevant regulations.

4.2.3 Procedures Required - Douane Suriname

Once the registration is completed, companies operating internationally must complete the Suriname Customs Single Document for the Automated Customs System (ASYCUDA*) form: https://douanesuriname.com/enigdocument2.html

* The ASYCUDA world's system for custom clearance is a tool facilitating the calculation, collection and accounting of customs duties. Please note that this procedure is not immediate and is only required at the time of making exports. Therefore, companies in Suriname can sell in the domestic/local market while commercially working on finding international clients.

• Explanation of the routing of your declaration when processed by means of ASYCUDA

The single document is a form used to complete customs formalities when clearing goods. It is a standard form for almost all types of movement of goods under customs control.

The routing is as follows in broad terms:

1. After completing the Single Document and after any necessary checks by the IUD, the declaration is ready to be submitted, together with all the required documents, to customs at the declaration point where your goods are located.
2. An acceptance check follows, during which attention is paid to the complete completion of the required boxes and the submission of all the required documents.
3. Registering within ASYCUDA, assigning a registration number.
4. Writing off the manifest.
5. Verification with system-technical end verification. The system produces a notification of liability for the cashier.
6. After registering with the cashier, you must pay the due rights in the manner you have specified. (We prefer Giro and Bank-cheque traffic)
7. The system produces a receipt for you, with your A copy and the receipt you can transport the goods.

It is important to make sure you add the correct receipt to the correct documents, and compare the numbers of your declaration.

• Explanation of the routing of the Customs Declaration Procedure

The single document is a form that can be obtained from bookstores and is used to complete customs formalities when clearing goods. This is a standard form for almost all types of goods movement under customs control.

The international transaction (IT) form is also available from bookstores and is intended for the foreign settlement of financial transactions with commercial banks. This form is only required for shipments with a value of more than 500 US dollars.

1. The declarant or an authorised representative must complete it themselves using the information stated on the invoice, consignment note and other supporting documents. For certain goods, a permit must also be applied for.In Suriname, it is customary for a declarant to call on the assistance of a customs agent. In Europe, this person is called a declarant and in other parts of the world a customs broker. This is someone who, for a fee, completes the formalities with Customs and other government agencies in order to obtain the goods for someone else.The Certificate of origin of the goods is a fundamental step in the export documentation process. As mentioned in previous sections of the guide; in order to benefit from preferential trade agreements with other countries, companies must prove the origin of their products to the customs authorities of the destination country.
2. After completing the form and the other documents, the routing is as follows: the documents are signed and submitted to the Declaration Process Department of Customs in Paramaribo, Nickerie or Zanderij, depending on the location where the goods are located.If the documents are found to be in order after verification, the declarant is issued with an assessment notice. This states how much he must pay the Government in duties.After payment, he receives all submitted documents back, provided with stamps, and with these he goes to the location where the goods are located (Nieuwe Haven warehouse, Nickerie or Zanderij).
3. During the inspection, the data on the document is compared with the reality of the goods. If the inspecting official finds that the goods are in order, the document is signed, and the cargo is released for delivery to the handling company.In the case of non-compliant cargo, a note is made based on the types, quantities, goods codes, etc. found. If goods are not declared correctly, sanctions may follow, including the imposition of a fine.

4.3 Requirements for export of products and services from specific sectors

This section includes an introduction referencing “Key tools for export” applicable to any type of company in Suriname, followed by specific requirements for priority sectors.

Key tools for export

Suriname offers certain tools to facilitate the export processes, the Suriname Electronic Single Window (SESW) is a platform is actively used for the digital processing of the documentation that are essential for the export, import and transit of important goods.

Standards and technical requirements

The Suriname Standards Bureau oversees developing and implementing standards and technical regulations for certification of goods and processes and for accreditations of laboratories and testing facilities.

In parallel, certain goods must meet a number of sanitary and phytosanitary requirements.

Restricted goods, which require a license to export:

• Firearms, explosives, and ammunition
• Medicinal plants
• Narcotics and psychotropic substances, pharmaceutical products for humans, and sera
• Endangered wild animal species listed in Appendix I of CITES and their products, including eggs.
• Eggs, skins and hides, and other products of endangered species
• Processed and unprocessed wood, logs

Plants and animals with potential commercial applications as pharmaceutical, aromatic, dying and flavouring products.These licenses or permits are to be obtained at the Invoer, uitvoer en deviezen controle IUD Suriname. The Import, Export and Exchange Control Service (IUD) is a department of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Entrepreneurship and Technological Innovation (EZOTI) that is responsible for matters of a trade policy nature, in particular the granting of import, export and transit licenses pursuant to the Goods Movement Act. The H-03 form is used for import and export licenses and the G–Import form is used for transit licenses.

Contents of this subsection:

4.3.1 Fishing

Note: This section of the guide for fish exports from Suriname has been developed using the information provided by the FAO's SWM Programme, which can be accessed through the following link: https://www.swm-programme.info/fr/legal-hub/suriname/food-safety

Surinamese companies have to meet a set of steps in order to export fish (or meat), which are the following ones:

1. Register and license your business
2. Ensure compliance with hygiene and quality standards
3. Obtain necessary export permit and certifications
4. Packaging, libelling, and marking requirements
5. Transport and logistics
6. Final export procedures and customs clearance

In addition, the export of fish/meat products is regulated by several legal instruments, which include the following ones:

• The Act on the Movement of Goods,
• the State Order Negative List,
• the Fish Inspection Act,
• the Fish Inspection State Order and the Ministerial Order on General Quality,
• and the Act on the Inspection of Meat and Other Products of Animal Origin. 

Below is more information on each step of exporting fish and the role of legal instruments in each step.

Register and license your business (general requirements)

Before exporting fish, companies must ensure they are legally registered and comply with the necessary licensing requirements:

• Business registration: Register with the Suriname Chamber of Commerce & Industry. 
• Tax registration: Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN) from the Suriname Tax Authority.
• Facility licensing: Ensure that your fishing vessel, processing plant, or fish farm is registered and licensed by the Fish Inspection Institute.

Ensure compliance with hygiene and quality standards

To maintain food safety, exporters must adhere to strict regulations:

• Facility standards: Meet the hygiene and construction standards outlined in the Ministerial Order on General Quality. 
• Personnel hygiene: Workers must wear protective clothing and undergo annual medical examinations. 
• Quality inspection: Fish must be inspected by a certified quality manager at each landing or processing stage. 
• Cold chain management: Maintain the required temperatures throughout processing and transport.

Obtain necessary export permit and certifications

To legally export fish from Suriname, companies must secure the required documentation:

• Export permit: Apply for an export permit from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries.
• Health certificate: Obtain a health certificate issued by the Fish Inspection Institute. 
• Veterinary certification: Required for certain fish species and processed seafood.
• Certificate of origin: Prove the fish’s Surinamese origin to benefit from trade agreements.

Attention should be paid to the following articles of the Fish Inspection State Order:

Article 19 (1): Only the following fish products are exported, namely:

• which have been processed in an establishment that complies with the applicable regulations for approval in accordance with the provisions of Article 29 and is inspected in accordance with the provisions of Article 24;
• which have been declared fit for human consumption by the Fish Inspection Institute
• which bear an identification mark on the packaging and on the accompanying documents in accordance with the provisions regarding identification and inspection certification, as set by the Minister;
• which have been introduced in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this State Order.

Furthermore, we must to take into consideration the following article of the Fish Inspection Act: 

Article 14: Only fish products found to be suitable by the Fish Inspection Institute for Human Consumption may be offered for import or export under the conditions and modalities laid down by or by State Order.

Packaging, libelling, and marking requirements

• Labelling: Each package must include product details, batch number, and the quality mark issued by the Fish Inspection Institute.
• Packaging standards: Use corrosion-resistant, impermeable materials that comply with food safety regulations.
• Traceability: Maintain detailed records of product movement from source to export. The law (Fish Inspection Act) requires that operators keep and maintain records to enable traceability. The records must contain data from purchase, production and sales, from receipt to delivery, including export to final destination, as well as other data

Transport and logistics

Fish products must be transported under strict sanitary conditions:

• Cold chain compliance: ensure storage facilities and transportation maintain the correct temperatures.
• Sealed transport: fish products must be shipped in sealed containers to avoid contamination.
• Pre-export inspection: Before shipment, fish must be checked and approved by the Fish Inspection Institute.

Final export procedures and customs clearance

• Customs documentation: submit all required documents, including invoices, export permits, and health certificates, to the Suriname customs authority.
• Inspection at port: a final check by the fish inspection institute ensures compliance before departure.
• International standards compliance: Ensure the shipment meets the import requirements of the destination country.

Register and license your business (general requirements)

Before exporting fish, companies must ensure they are legally registered and comply with the necessary licensing requirements:

• Business registration: Register with the Suriname Chamber of Commerce & Industry. 
• Tax registration: Obtain a Tax Identification Number (TIN) from the Suriname Tax Authority.
• Facility licensing: Ensure that your fishing vessel, processing plant, or fish farm is registered and licensed by the Fish Inspection Institute.

Ensure compliance with hygiene and quality standards

To maintain food safety, exporters must adhere to strict regulations:

• Facility standards: Meet the hygiene and construction standards outlined in the Ministerial Order on General Quality. 
• Personnel hygiene: Workers must wear protective clothing and undergo annual medical examinations. 
• Quality inspection: Fish must be inspected by a certified quality manager at each landing or processing stage. 
• Cold chain management: Maintain the required temperatures throughout processing and transport.

Obtain necessary export permit and certifications

To legally export fish from Suriname, companies must secure the required documentation:

• Export permit: Apply for an export permit from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries.
• Health certificate: Obtain a health certificate issued by the Fish Inspection Institute. 
• Veterinary certification: Required for certain fish species and processed seafood.
• Certificate of origin: Prove the fish’s Surinamese origin to benefit from trade agreements.

Attention should be paid to the following articles of the Fish Inspection State Order:

Article 19 (1): Only the following fish products are exported, namely:

• which have been processed in an establishment that complies with the applicable regulations for approval in accordance with the provisions of Article 29 and is inspected in accordance with the provisions of Article 24;
• which have been declared fit for human consumption by the Fish Inspection Institute
• which bear an identification mark on the packaging and on the accompanying documents in accordance with the provisions regarding identification and inspection certification, as set by the Minister;
• which have been introduced in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this State Order.

Furthermore, we must to take into consideration the following article of the Fish Inspection Act: 

Article 14: Only fish products found to be suitable by the Fish Inspection Institute for Human Consumption may be offered for import or export under the conditions and modalities laid down by or by State Order.

Packaging, libelling, and marking requirements

• Labelling: Each package must include product details, batch number, and the quality mark issued by the Fish Inspection Institute.
• Packaging standards: Use corrosion-resistant, impermeable materials that comply with food safety regulations.
• Traceability: Maintain detailed records of product movement from source to export. The law (Fish Inspection Act) requires that operators keep and maintain records to enable traceability. The records must contain data from purchase, production and sales, from receipt to delivery, including export to final destination, as well as other data

Transport and logistics

Fish products must be transported under strict sanitary conditions:

• Cold chain compliance: ensure storage facilities and transportation maintain the correct temperatures.
• Sealed transport: fish products must be shipped in sealed containers to avoid contamination.
• Pre-export inspection: Before shipment, fish must be checked and approved by the Fish Inspection Institute.

Final export procedures and customs clearance

• Customs documentation: submit all required documents, including invoices, export permits, and health certificates, to the Suriname customs authority.
• Inspection at port: a final check by the fish inspection institute ensures compliance before departure.
• International standards compliance: Ensure the shipment meets the import requirements of the destination country.

4.3.2 Agri-Food

To export plants, vegetables, and other regulated plant products from Suriname, you must follow these key steps to comply with national and international regulations:

Surinamese companies have to meet a set of steps in order to export agri-food, which are the following ones:

1. Obtain an Export Code
2. Hire a Quality Manager
3. Follow Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Production
4. Register as a Producer and Obtain a Product Code
5. Implement a Traceability System
6. Apply for a Phytosanitary Export Inspection
7. Be aligned with others important regulations to consider

Obtain an Export Code

Apply for an export code from the Directorate of Agriculture, in collaboration with the Department of Plant Protection and Quality Inspection under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries (LVV).

This code is necessary to be recognized as an official exporter.

Hire a Quality Manager

• Employ a quality manager responsible for the pre-inspection of goods before export.
• This ensures compliance with quality and phytosanitary standards.

Follow Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Production

• Most fruits and vegetables must be produced under the GAP system as outlined by the Ministry of LVV.
• GAP ensures safe, sustainable, and high-quality agricultural production.

Register as a Producer and Obtain a Product Code

• Producers must register with the Ministry of LVV to obtain a product code for their goods.

This code helps track products and verify their compliance with regulations.

Implement a Traceability System

• Exporters must have a traceability system that allows authorities to verify the origin and safety of products.

This system must meet the requirements set by the Directorate of Agriculture.

Apply for a Phytosanitary Export Inspection

• Before export, apply for an export inspection at the Plant Protection and Quality Inspection Service of the Ministry of LVV.
• If the goods meet phytosanitary standards, you will receive a phytosanitary certificate, which is required for export.

Important Regulations to Consider

• It is forbidden to export plants, plant products, and other regulated goods without proper approvals and a phytosanitary certificate.
• This applies to both commercial and non-commercial shipments, including gift packages and passenger goods.
• Regulated goods include plants, plant products, packaging materials, containers, soil, and any other material that could spread pests or diseases.

Obtain an Export Code

Apply for an export code from the Directorate of Agriculture, in collaboration with the Department of Plant Protection and Quality Inspection under the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries (LVV).

This code is necessary to be recognized as an official exporter.

Hire a Quality Manager

• Employ a quality manager responsible for the pre-inspection of goods before export.
• This ensures compliance with quality and phytosanitary standards.

Follow Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) for Production

• Most fruits and vegetables must be produced under the GAP system as outlined by the Ministry of LVV.
• GAP ensures safe, sustainable, and high-quality agricultural production.

Register as a Producer and Obtain a Product Code

• Producers must register with the Ministry of LVV to obtain a product code for their goods.

This code helps track products and verify their compliance with regulations.

Implement a Traceability System

• Exporters must have a traceability system that allows authorities to verify the origin and safety of products.

This system must meet the requirements set by the Directorate of Agriculture.

Apply for a Phytosanitary Export Inspection

• Before export, apply for an export inspection at the Plant Protection and Quality Inspection Service of the Ministry of LVV.
• If the goods meet phytosanitary standards, you will receive a phytosanitary certificate, which is required for export.

Important Regulations to Consider

• It is forbidden to export plants, plant products, and other regulated goods without proper approvals and a phytosanitary certificate.
• This applies to both commercial and non-commercial shipments, including gift packages and passenger goods.
• Regulated goods include plants, plant products, packaging materials, containers, soil, and any other material that could spread pests or diseases.

4.3.3 Processed food products

Suriname is updating its food export laws to improve food safety and quality, which is regulated mainly by National Food Safety Institute of Suriname (NIVS). These new rules cover everything from processing and inspection to certification and export requirements. The following sections explain the key requirements for processing food, inspections, export conditions, and packaging, as well as the changes to Suriname’s food safety laws.

Surinamese companies have to meet a set of steps in order to export processed food products, which are associated to the following blocks: 

1. General requirements for food processing
2. Compliance with General Requirements for food processing
3. Inspection and certification
4. Export requirements for food products
5. Packaging and transportation
6. Final export procedures and customs clearance

General requirements for food processing

• Ensure your business is registered with the Surinamese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KKF).
• Obtain necessary licenses for food processing and export from relevant authorities, such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries.

Compliance with General Requirements for food processing

• Registration and authorization of facilities: Processing facilities must be registered and authorized.
• Compliance with hygiene and quality standards: facilities must comply with hygiene and quality standards established in the ministerial Order on General Quality.
• Self-checking systems: The use of self-checking systems such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is required. This system is recommended by NIVS)
• Water Standards: Only treated water that meets microbiological and chemical standards is allowed for use.

Inspection and Certification

• Quality marks: Products deemed fit for human consumption are affixed with quality marks.
• Rejection of products: Rejected products may be destroyed, used for animal feed, or sent for research.

Export requirements for food products

• Export permit: an export permit is required under national legislation. You must to apply in Apply for an export permit from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries.
• Health certificate: a health certificate issued by the relevant authority in Suriname is required for export: National Food Safety Institute of Suriname (NIVS).
• Sanitary compliance: products must comply with the sanitary requirements of the destination country

Packaging and Transportation

• Packaging requirements: packaging must be hygienic and prevent cross-contamination.
• Storage and transportation: Storage and transportation must occur at appropriate temperatures.
• Reused Packaging: Packaging may only be reused if it can be properly cleaned and disinfected.

Final export procedures and customs clearance

• Customs documentation: submit all required documents, including invoices, export permits, and health certificates, to the Suriname customs authority.
• Inspection at port: a final check by the inspection institute ensures compliance before departure.
• International standards compliance: Ensure the shipment meets the import requirements of the destination country.

General requirements for food processing

• Ensure your business is registered with the Surinamese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KKF).
• Obtain necessary licenses for food processing and export from relevant authorities, such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries.

Compliance with General Requirements for food processing

• Registration and authorization of facilities: Processing facilities must be registered and authorized.
• Compliance with hygiene and quality standards: facilities must comply with hygiene and quality standards established in the ministerial Order on General Quality.
• Self-checking systems: The use of self-checking systems such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is required. This system is recommended by NIVS)
• Water Standards: Only treated water that meets microbiological and chemical standards is allowed for use.

Inspection and Certification

• Quality marks: Products deemed fit for human consumption are affixed with quality marks.
• Rejection of products: Rejected products may be destroyed, used for animal feed, or sent for research.

Export requirements for food products

• Export permit: an export permit is required under national legislation. You must to apply in Apply for an export permit from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries.
• Health certificate: a health certificate issued by the relevant authority in Suriname is required for export: National Food Safety Institute of Suriname (NIVS).
• Sanitary compliance: products must comply with the sanitary requirements of the destination country

Packaging and Transportation

• Packaging requirements: packaging must be hygienic and prevent cross-contamination.
• Storage and transportation: Storage and transportation must occur at appropriate temperatures.
• Reused Packaging: Packaging may only be reused if it can be properly cleaned and disinfected.

Final export procedures and customs clearance

• Customs documentation: submit all required documents, including invoices, export permits, and health certificates, to the Suriname customs authority.
• Inspection at port: a final check by the inspection institute ensures compliance before departure.
• International standards compliance: Ensure the shipment meets the import requirements of the destination country.

4.3.4 Processed wood products

To export timber and wood products from Suriname, companies must meet specific requirements related to registration, documentation, and inspections. These requirements cover both the harvesting and processing/trade phases to ensure compliance with national regulations and to demonstrate the legal origin of the timber.

Surinamese companies have to meet a set of steps in order to export wood products, which are associated to the following blocks: 

1. General requirements for timber/wood products export
2. Harvesting requirements
3. Processing and trade requirements
4. Inspection and export procedures

General requirements for timber Export

Before engaging in timber/wood products export activities, a company must:

• Be registered with the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Entrepreneurship and Technological Innovation.
• Be registered with Chamber of Commerce (KKF)
• Have an export number (specifically for roundwood)
• Have a tax identification number (specifically for roundwood)
• Obtain an export permit, which requires an application for inspection and examination of the timber before export.

Harvesting requirements

Before timber can be processed or exported, companies must obtain several key documents based on applicable legislation:

Source: TimberTrade Portal

Processing and trade requirements

To process and trade timber legally, companies must comply with the following documentation requirements:

Source: TimberTrade Portal

Inspection Procedures

Note: The information of this section was provided by SBB.

A valid export permit is required for the export of roundwood, roughly processed wood, and sawn timber. The inspection process ensures the quality, classification, and compliance of Surinamese timber before export.

General Inspection Process

• Application Submission:
  • Companies must submit an inspection application to the Production Control Department of the SBB at least one week before shipment.
  • For roundwood, it is recommended to apply two weeks in advance, as a pre-inspection is conducted to provide exporter guidance.
• Inspection Scope:
  • Verification of FOB Value (Free On Board pricing).
  • Assessment of quality, species, assortment, and volume of timber.
  • Ensuring compliance with export standards before issuing permits.
• Approval and Export License Issuance:
  • Once the inspection is completed, the export permit/license is granted for the shipment.

Exceptions for Small Shipments

Certain low-value wood shipments are exempt from the standard export permit requirements:

• Wooden artworks for exhibitions
• Previously imported wood products (e.g., part of personal relocation shipments)
• Shipments valued under $500

General requirements for timber Export

Before engaging in timber/wood products export activities, a company must:

• Be registered with the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Entrepreneurship and Technological Innovation.
• Be registered with Chamber of Commerce (KKF)
• Have an export number (specifically for roundwood)
• Have a tax identification number (specifically for roundwood)
• Obtain an export permit, which requires an application for inspection and examination of the timber before export.

Harvesting requirements

Before timber can be processed or exported, companies must obtain several key documents based on applicable legislation:

Source: TimberTrade Portal

Processing and trade requirements

To process and trade timber legally, companies must comply with the following documentation requirements:

Source: TimberTrade Portal

Inspection Procedures

Note: The information of this section was provided by SBB.

A valid export permit is required for the export of roundwood, roughly processed wood, and sawn timber. The inspection process ensures the quality, classification, and compliance of Surinamese timber before export.

General Inspection Process

• Application Submission:
  • Companies must submit an inspection application to the Production Control Department of the SBB at least one week before shipment.
  • For roundwood, it is recommended to apply two weeks in advance, as a pre-inspection is conducted to provide exporter guidance.
• Inspection Scope:
  • Verification of FOB Value (Free On Board pricing).
  • Assessment of quality, species, assortment, and volume of timber.
  • Ensuring compliance with export standards before issuing permits.
• Approval and Export License Issuance:
  • Once the inspection is completed, the export permit/license is granted for the shipment.

Exceptions for Small Shipments

Certain low-value wood shipments are exempt from the standard export permit requirements:

• Wooden artworks for exhibitions
• Previously imported wood products (e.g., part of personal relocation shipments)
• Shipments valued under $500

4.3.5 Services

Services are in all the activities carried out by human beings; thanks to them they are the greatest contributors to the well-being of citizens, unlike Goods, these are intangible without being able to be seen or touched, however, they can be the object of transaction and satisfy the needs or desires of customers.

Exporting services is an opportunity to participate in the country's growth, and can be a successful internationalization pathway for Surinamese companies. Exporting services is simple, the most important thing is to identify the type of service you want to export, many companies have exported services even without knowing it. Being an exporter of services is selling your services to a person or company that does not reside in the country and receiving a payment in foreign currency, which generates foreign exchange income to the country.

The Importance of Intellectual Property and Copyright in Exporting Services

It is important to note that the services sector is overly broad and encompasses numerous types of services, without specific requirements like those in other analysed sectors (specific registrations, licenses, etc.). Despite this, there are other specific aspects that characterise the services sector and require greater attention compared to other sectors, such as intellectual property and the knowledge of the service being offered.

Intellectual property (IP) and copyright are critical components in the successful export of services from Suriname. Protecting IP ensures that innovative ideas, creative works, and proprietary knowledge remain safeguarded against unauthorised use or infringement, fostering trust and credibility with international partners.

For service providers, copyrights secure the ownership of original works, including software, designs, publications, and multimedia, which are often central to the export value proposition. This protection not only enhances competitiveness but also provides a legal framework to monetise intellectual assets effectively in global markets.

Moreover, adhering to international IP and copyright standards strengthens Suriname's reputation as a reliable trade partner, promoting sustainable economic growth and encouraging foreign investments. It is essential for businesses to understand and integrate IP and copyright considerations into their export strategies to maximise opportunities and mitigate risks in the global marketplace.

Companies can register any original creative work which has been recorded in an electronic format, including:

• Fiction
• Poetry
• Non-fiction
• Scripts
• Music
• Lyrics
• Photographs
• Drawings
• Websites
• Graphics
• Computer programs
• or any other recorded creative work.

To receive proper guidance on this matter, it is recommended that companies consult the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Entrepreneurship and Technological Innovation, as well as industry professionals specializing in Intellectual Property Rights.

Main Functions of Intellectual Property Rights Offices and Professionals:

• Intellectual Property Registration: Manages the registration of trademarks, patents, industrial designs, and other intellectual property rights.
• Rights Protection: Ensures that intellectual property rights are respected and works to prevent and combat infringements, such as piracy and counterfeiting.
• Education and Awareness: Promotes understanding of intellectual property among citizens, businesses, and key sectors, emphasizing its importance for economic development and innovation.
• Support for Exporters: Assists businesses in understanding how to protect their intellectual property assets in international markets, which is crucial for safely exporting goods and services.
• International Compliance: Ensures that Suriname adheres to international intellectual property treaties and agreements, such as those of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

4.3.6 Other sectors

Below are some briefly summarised details to consider in the export process for other key sectors in Suriname such as Chemicals and radioactive material.

Export of Chemicals

• Invoice
• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
• Letter of advice or no objection from NMA (see NIMOS website: NMA Guidelines)
• Bill of Lading in case of importation
• If the bill of lading has not been received, a physical copy must be delivered to the IUD office or emailed to secretariaatiud@gmail.com

Export of radioactive material

• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
• Storage Letter
• Letter of advice or no objection from NIMOS

5. The supply chain and logistics in international trade

Logistics is essential in global trade, optimizing resources and ensuring compliance with international standards for efficient and effective cross-border exchange. Once buyers have been found and national permits are in place, logistics need to be organized.

Logistics between countries has the following characteristics:

• International logistics is crucial to global trade.
• Optimization of technical, financial, and human resources to improve the productivity and efficiency of global supply chains.
• It facilitates commercial exchange through various modes of transport, adapting to the needs of goods.
• It complies with international regulations and standards, ensuring efficient trade on equal terms.

Therefore, this section describes the key logistical components involved in international trade, beginning with the various modes of transport, such as maritime, air, road, and rail, and the documentation required for each to ensure smooth customs clearance and delivery. It also highlights how to protect goods during international shipping through proper packaging, labelling, and insurance. 

Finally, it introduces INCOTERMS, explaining their role in defining the responsibilities and cost allocations between buyers and sellers in global transactions.

What you will find in this section:

5.1 International transport: types of international transport and documentation

Contents of this subsection:

5.1.1 Logistics and types of transport

In this subsection, you will find essential information to help you understand the key aspects of logistics when exporting goods. Whether you are new to international trade or looking to improve your current logistics strategy, the content is designed to provide a clear overview of the most important elements involved in getting your product to market efficiently and securely.

Specifically, this section covers the following topics:

• Type of logistics: Understand the different approaches to managing the movement and storage of goods, including inbound, outbound, and third-party logistics.
• Logistic process: Learn about the step-by-step process involved in planning, executing, and monitoring the transportation and storage of goods from origin to destination.
• Types of transport: Explore the various modes of transport available—maritime, air, road, and multimodal—and the factors to consider when choosing the most suitable option for your product and destination.

This knowledge will help you make informed decisions to ensure your exports are delivered efficiently, cost-effectively, and in compliance with international standards.

Type of logistics

Logistics Process

The International Logistics Process includes the following phases:

1. Identification of customer needs: Analyse product demand and delivery times required to adjust production and avoid excess inventory.
2. Proper Storage: Determine the right storage conditions by considering the strength of the product, the cold chain, and other logistical aspects.
3. Labelling, Packaging, and Packaging: Ensuring that the product is properly labelled and packaged to comply with international trade and customs regulations.
4. Selection of the means of transport: Choose the most efficient transport according to cost, distance, delivery time and product characteristics.
5. Location of redistribution points: Optimise the distribution network by selecting the most efficient redistribution centres to minimise transportation costs.
6. Customs, tax or commercial documentation: Prepare all the necessary documentation for international transport, such as commercial invoices, packing lists and insurance documents.
7. Information and control system: Implement monitoring systems to track shipment status and inventory visibility in real-time.
8. Involve all actors in the supply chain: Coordinate all actors involved, from suppliers to customers, to ensure that the supply chain runs efficiently.

Types of transport

Maritime Transport

Maritime transport is the shipment of goods through the sea, using cargo ships. It is one of the most important and economical methods of moving massive quantities of products over long distances, such as between countries or continents.

The characteristics of maritime transport are:

1. Large loads: Ships can carry tons of products such as cars, machinery, food, oil, and more.
2. Containers: Most products are transported in metal containers, which make loading and unloading easier.
3. Slow, but efficient: Although Sea freight is slower than air freight, it is much cheaper, especially for heavy or bulky products.
4. Ports: Goods are loaded and unloaded at ports, which are special seaside areas equipped to handle large ships and containers.
5. Global impact: This type of transport is key to international trade, as it connects countries around the world.

It could be said that sea freight is a reliable and economical option for moving goods in massive quantities across long distances by sea.

Road transport

International road freight transport is usually the main one chosen for the sale of goods in order to reach the final recipient. The great advantage of this type of transport is the flexibility to deliver the goods in any area. There are several types of trucks depending on the distances (short/long) and we have a wide variety depending on the size of the goods and the load capacities. We can find, among others, the following types of trucks for transport:

• Rigid trucks.
• Trailers or trailers.
• Rigid trucks.
• Road trains
• Refrigerated trucks
• Open platforms.

Land transport, although not highly recommended for very long journeys, or in countries with a poorly developed road infrastructure, is a type of transport necessary to reach specific destinations for the collection/delivery of goods at the seller/buyer's premises.  

Air transport

In this type of transport, we move goods in special cargo planes, or also in the holds of commercial flights. It is a fast and efficient transport, but its disadvantage is the price, as it is very expensive, especially for bulky goods. The planes have a remarkably high operating cost and a fairly limited load.  Air freight is mainly used when goods need to be delivered to the end customer as quickly as possible. 

We can consider air freight as a good option for sending express couriers, luxury goods, or healthcare and pharmaceutical products.

Other types of transport: intermodal and multimodal

A table is shown with the differences and advantages between both types of transport:

We see a summary of the means of transport, reviewing their main characteristics in terms of capacity, cost, safety and speed:

It is important to note that the size of the shipment and the cost per kilo is lower when transported in bulk, the customs costs are similar regardless of the means of logistics transport.

Type of logistics

Logistics Process

The International Logistics Process includes the following phases:

1. Identification of customer needs: Analyse product demand and delivery times required to adjust production and avoid excess inventory.
2. Proper Storage: Determine the right storage conditions by considering the strength of the product, the cold chain, and other logistical aspects.
3. Labelling, Packaging, and Packaging: Ensuring that the product is properly labelled and packaged to comply with international trade and customs regulations.
4. Selection of the means of transport: Choose the most efficient transport according to cost, distance, delivery time and product characteristics.
5. Location of redistribution points: Optimise the distribution network by selecting the most efficient redistribution centres to minimise transportation costs.
6. Customs, tax or commercial documentation: Prepare all the necessary documentation for international transport, such as commercial invoices, packing lists and insurance documents.
7. Information and control system: Implement monitoring systems to track shipment status and inventory visibility in real-time.
8. Involve all actors in the supply chain: Coordinate all actors involved, from suppliers to customers, to ensure that the supply chain runs efficiently.

Types of transport

Maritime Transport

Maritime transport is the shipment of goods through the sea, using cargo ships. It is one of the most important and economical methods of moving massive quantities of products over long distances, such as between countries or continents.

The characteristics of maritime transport are:

1. Large loads: Ships can carry tons of products such as cars, machinery, food, oil, and more.
2. Containers: Most products are transported in metal containers, which make loading and unloading easier.
3. Slow, but efficient: Although Sea freight is slower than air freight, it is much cheaper, especially for heavy or bulky products.
4. Ports: Goods are loaded and unloaded at ports, which are special seaside areas equipped to handle large ships and containers.
5. Global impact: This type of transport is key to international trade, as it connects countries around the world.

It could be said that sea freight is a reliable and economical option for moving goods in massive quantities across long distances by sea.

Road transport

International road freight transport is usually the main one chosen for the sale of goods in order to reach the final recipient. The great advantage of this type of transport is the flexibility to deliver the goods in any area. There are several types of trucks depending on the distances (short/long) and we have a wide variety depending on the size of the goods and the load capacities. We can find, among others, the following types of trucks for transport:

• Rigid trucks.
• Trailers or trailers.
• Rigid trucks.
• Road trains
• Refrigerated trucks
• Open platforms.

Land transport, although not highly recommended for very long journeys, or in countries with a poorly developed road infrastructure, is a type of transport necessary to reach specific destinations for the collection/delivery of goods at the seller/buyer's premises.  

Air transport

In this type of transport, we move goods in special cargo planes, or also in the holds of commercial flights. It is a fast and efficient transport, but its disadvantage is the price, as it is very expensive, especially for bulky goods. The planes have a remarkably high operating cost and a fairly limited load.  Air freight is mainly used when goods need to be delivered to the end customer as quickly as possible. 

We can consider air freight as a good option for sending express couriers, luxury goods, or healthcare and pharmaceutical products.

Other types of transport: intermodal and multimodal

A table is shown with the differences and advantages between both types of transport:

We see a summary of the means of transport, reviewing their main characteristics in terms of capacity, cost, safety and speed:

It is important to note that the size of the shipment and the cost per kilo is lower when transported in bulk, the customs costs are similar regardless of the means of logistics transport.

Maritime Transport

Maritime transport is the shipment of goods through the sea, using cargo ships. It is one of the most important and economical methods of moving massive quantities of products over long distances, such as between countries or continents.

The characteristics of maritime transport are:

1. Large loads: Ships can carry tons of products such as cars, machinery, food, oil, and more.
2. Containers: Most products are transported in metal containers, which make loading and unloading easier.
3. Slow, but efficient: Although Sea freight is slower than air freight, it is much cheaper, especially for heavy or bulky products.
4. Ports: Goods are loaded and unloaded at ports, which are special seaside areas equipped to handle large ships and containers.
5. Global impact: This type of transport is key to international trade, as it connects countries around the world.

It could be said that sea freight is a reliable and economical option for moving goods in massive quantities across long distances by sea.

Road transport

International road freight transport is usually the main one chosen for the sale of goods in order to reach the final recipient. The great advantage of this type of transport is the flexibility to deliver the goods in any area. There are several types of trucks depending on the distances (short/long) and we have a wide variety depending on the size of the goods and the load capacities. We can find, among others, the following types of trucks for transport:

• Rigid trucks.
• Trailers or trailers.
• Rigid trucks.
• Road trains
• Refrigerated trucks
• Open platforms.

Land transport, although not highly recommended for very long journeys, or in countries with a poorly developed road infrastructure, is a type of transport necessary to reach specific destinations for the collection/delivery of goods at the seller/buyer's premises.

Air transport

In this type of transport, we move goods in special cargo planes, or also in the holds of commercial flights. It is a fast and efficient transport, but its disadvantage is the price, as it is very expensive, especially for bulky goods. The planes have a remarkably high operating cost and a fairly limited load.  Air freight is mainly used when goods need to be delivered to the end customer as quickly as possible. 

We can consider air freight as a good option for sending express couriers, luxury goods, or healthcare and pharmaceutical products.

Other types of transport: intermodal and multimodal

A table is shown with the differences and advantages between both types of transport:

We see a summary of the means of transport, reviewing their main characteristics in terms of capacity, cost, safety and speed:

It is important to note that the size of the shipment and the cost per kilo is lower when transported in bulk, the customs costs are similar regardless of the means of logistics transport.

5.1.2 Transport contracts and contractual modalities

The contract of carriage is a legal agreement between the carrier and the shipper (or shipper), whereby the carrier agrees to move goods from one point to another in exchange for payment. This contract details the conditions and responsibilities of the transportation of goods, including costs, times, risks, and other relevant aspects.

Depending on the means of transport used (land, sea, air or rail), the contract of carriage may vary in its structure, terms and documentation. Each mode of transport has specific contracts that regulate the rights and obligations of the parties.

The following are some factors that corroborate the importance of the contract of carriage:

• Legal certainty: It clearly establishes the responsibilities and rights of both parties, protecting both the shipper and the carrier.
• Cost optimization: It allows you to negotiate terms that optimise logistics costs.
• Risk reduction: Helps define and manage the risks inherent in freight transportation.

5.2 Protection of Goods for International Shipping

It is very important that the exporter is very clear about what the cargo or merchandise to be transported is going to be like in terms of type, packaging, packaging or transport units. In this way, we will use a mode of transport that best suits the cargo and that can access the destination at the lowest possible cost and with the greatest security.

In international logistics, goods tend to standardise their volumes and dimensions in order to carry out the most efficient and cheap handling possible. By handling similar loads, we increase the safety of the loads and prevent breakage or deterioration of the loads. With the exception of the box, which is the minimum unit, the most common cargo units that we find in international transport are the following:

• Pallets: these are transport platforms on which goods are placed. Its great advantage lies in the ease of movement of goods due to the auxiliary means of lifting that exist internationally. The pallet sizes vary depending on the markets.
• Container: it is a permanent container that allows its filling or emptying and above all the ability to use it repeatedly in case of needing a transfer between transport vehicles. This versatility has been the basis for the rise of this type of cargo, becoming the most widely used in world freight traffic. There are different models of containers depending on the need for transport, but all of them are stackable and have elements that allow them to be handled and moved horizontally or vertically. The most commonly used sizes are 45, 40 and 20 feet, and some large capacity.  Another type of container that we find are reefers, refrigerated containers that have a preservation system to maintain a controlled environment or temperatures, recommended for products or foods that require a low temperature. There are 20- and 40- foot models.

We can find the following:

5.3 INCOTERMS (International Commercial Terms): Definition and Application

They refer to the terms agreed between the buyer and seller on how and when the delivery of the products will take place. These terms define responsibilities, costs, and risks for both parties. Delivery terms can vary depending on the type of trade agreement, and a key tool for establishing them is Incoterms (International Commercial Terms).

• They establish who is responsible for transportation, insurance, and customs costs.
• They define when and where risk is transferred from the seller to the buyer.
• They facilitate international trade negotiations by providing a standardised and clear framework on each party's obligations.

Contents of this subsection:

5.3.1 Key elements

Key elements of the delivery terms:

1. 1. Delivery Location:
      It is the place where the goods will be delivered to the buyer or their carrier. It can be in the seller's or buyer's country, at a port, airport, warehouse, or directly at the customer's premises.
   2. Seller Responsibilities:
      They include preparing the goods, packing them, and making sure they are ready for shipment. Depending on the agreement, the seller may be responsible for transportation, insurance, and customs formalities.
   3. Buyer's Responsibilities:
      Generally, the buyer must receive the goods at the agreed point, pay the corresponding taxes and duties, and take care of the final transportation to their destination.
   4. Transportation:
      It determines who is responsible for organizing and paying for the transportation of the goods. In some cases, the seller takes care of the transport to the final destination; in others, the buyer must arrange it.
   5. Risks and Costs:
      They define when the risk of loss or damage to the goods passes from the seller to the buyer, and who pays the costs at each stage of the delivery process.
   6. Payment terms:
      Aligning payment terms with INCOTERMS ensures clarity, reduces disputes, and promotes trust between international trade partners.

IMPORTANCE OF DELIVERY CONDITIONS:

• Avoid confusion: Clearly defining who pays what and when risk is transferred helps avoid misunderstandings between buyer and seller.
• Cost Optimization: Depending on the agreement, one of the parties may negotiate better transportation rates or insurance.
• Risk Mitigation: Knowing at what point risk is transferred helps both parties better plan for and protect their interests.

Delivery conditions are critical to ensure that the business transaction goes smoothly and smoothly.

IMPORTANCE OF PAYMENT TERMS:

Payment terms in international trade are crucial as they define the financial responsibilities between buyers and sellers, ensuring smooth transactions and reducing risks. When aligned with INCOTERMS, payment terms help determine:

• Risk Allocation – INCOTERMS clarify when ownership and risk transfer, impacting payment security.
• Cash Flow Management – Choosing the right payment term (e.g., open account or letter of credit) affects liquidity and financial planning.
• Trade Security – Payment methods like documentary collections or letters of credit help mitigate risks, especially under terms like FOB or CIF where responsibilities differ.
• Compliance & Efficiency – INCOTERMS like DAP or DDP influence who handles duties and logistics, affecting when and how payments are made.

Incoterms are grouped into four categories according to the initial letter (E, F, C, D) that determine the point of delivery of the goods and who bears the costs and risks at each stage of the shipping process:

5.3.2 Types and Differentiation

In addition to defining cost and risk responsibilities, trade finance plays a crucial role in mitigating financial risks associated with different Incoterms. For example, using a letter of credit (LC) can reduce the risk of non-payment when selling under CIF or DAP terms, while export credit can help manage cash flow by financing upfront costs. Trade finance instruments, such as factoring or credit insurance, provide businesses with greater financial security and flexibility when engaging in international trade. Incorporating trade finance strategies alongside Incoterms can enhance risk management and improve overall trade efficiency.

Table 1: Summary table of cost and risk by type of INCOTERM

Group E (Direct Delivery)

• EXW (Ex Works / In Factory):The seller makes the goods available in place (factory, warehouse), and the buyer assumes all costs and risks from that moment on. Minimum liability for the seller.

Group F (Delivery Without Payment of Main Transport)

• FCA (Free Carrier):The seller delivers the goods to a carrier or to an agreed location. The buyer arranges and pays for the main transport.
• FAS (Free Alongside Ship):The seller delivers the goods to the vessel at the port of embarkation. The buyer assumes all costs and risks thereafter.
• FOB (Free on Board):The seller is liable until the goods are loaded onto the vessel. From that moment on, the buyer assumes the risks and costs.

Group C (Delivery with Payment of Main Transport)

• CFR (Cost and Freight):
  The seller pays the cost of transportation to the port of destination, but the risk is transferred to the buyer once the goods are loaded onto the vessel.
• CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight):
  Similar to CFR, but the seller must also take out insurance for the goods up to the port of destination.
• CPT (Carriage Paid To):
  The seller pays for transportation to an agreed location, but the risk is transferred to the buyer when the goods are delivered to the carrier.
• CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To):
  Similar to CPT, but the seller must also take out insurance with greater coverage.

Group D (Delivery at Destination)

• DAP (Delivered at Place):
  The seller assumes all costs and risks until the goods are delivered to the agreed place, but without unloading them from the means of transport.
• DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded):
  The seller assumes the risks and costs until the goods are unloaded at the agreed place. It is the only INCOTERM that includes the obligation to unload the goods.
• DDP (Delivered Duty Paid):
  The seller assumes all costs and risks, including taxes and duties, until the goods arrive at the agreed location.

6. Standard Documentation and Procedures in International Trade

This section describes the documentation and regulatory requirements necessary for exporting both products and services. It begins with a breakdown of the key commercial documents used in the export of goods, followed by the specific documentation needed for service exports.

It also highlights the main requirements and critical aspects exporters must consider when targeting priority international markets, including the United States, the European Union, and the Caribbean Community (Caricom).

Find out more by selecting the section you are interested in:

6.1 Custom clearances and documentation for exporting products

Contents of this subsection:

6.1.1 Commercial documents

1. Invoice

• 1.1 Provisional proforma invoice
  • When sending samples with no commercial value.
  • When the buyer applies for an import licence.
  • For the opening of a documentary credit.
• 1.2 Commercial invoice
  • Most important trade document.
  • It is issued once the commercial operation is confirmed.
  • Accounting document that will be the basis for the application of customs duties on goods.

2. "Packing list"

• Document issued by the exporter describing the goods.
• It serves as a basis for the inspection and recognition of goods.
• Related to the commercial invoice.

3. Certificates of origin

• It creates the place of origin of the goods.
• It conditions tariff or commercial treatment at the time of entry into a given customs territory.
• Issued by the Suriname Chamber of Commerce & Industy.

6.1.2 Customs declarations

• Presentation on your own behalf
• Filing through a customs representative

6.1.3 Transport documents

• Maritime Bill of Lading
• Air Bill of Lading
• CMR road waybill
• CIM Railway Waybill
• FIATA Multimodal Bill of Lading

6.1.4 Transport insurance (not always necessary)

While not mandatory in all cases, is highly recommended to protect against potential losses or damages during the movement of goods. It provides financial coverage for risks such as accidents, theft, or natural disasters, and its necessity often depends on the Incoterm used, the destination country, and the nature or value of the cargo.

6.1.5 Technical documents (depending on the regulations and non-tariff barriers*)

• Export licenses and permits
• Quality certifications
• Product approvals
• Sanitary or phytosanitary permits and certifications

6.2 Documentation for Exporting Services

1. Invoice

• 1.1 Provisional proforma invoice
  • When the buyer applies for an import licence.
  • For the opening of a documentary credit.
• 1.2 Commercial invoice
  • Most important trade document.
  • It is issued once the commercial operation is confirmed.
  • Accounting document that will be the basis for the application of services taxes duties.

2. Service Provision Contract

6.3 Requirements and key aspects for exporting to priority markets

The information included in this section comes from the official government sources of the markets analysed, so the information, content and links are subject to changes and modifications by the Official Bodies. Interested companies are recommended to check the information on the web links on a recurring basis and directly with the Regulatory Bodies. 

On the other hand, the requirements and key aspects focus on Suriname's sectors with the greatest export impact and export potential.

Contents of this subsection:

6.3.1 United States

First of all, below is included a screenshot of the recommended tool mentioned in previous sections (Harmonized Tariff Schedule - U.S. Government) to identify the key requirements and aspects to consider when exporting products to this market:

Illustration 3: Screenshot of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule – United States Government

In order to avoid potential problems in the clearance of your merchandise, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) strongly recommends that you familiarise yourself with CBP policies and procedures prior to actually importing/exporting your goods. You should also be aware of any entry requirements specific to the particular commodity you are importing/exporting, including those of other federal agencies. To assist you, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection offer the following tips for importers and exporters:

What kind of license is required to import merchandise into the United States?

CBP does not require an importer to have a license or permit, but other agencies may require a permit, license, or other certification, depending on the commodity that is being imported. There is a listing of other government agencies in the appendix section of the publication Importing.

This section lists resources on trade measures, rules and regulations that affect imports into the United States.

Trade Facilitation Measures

Customs procedures and requirements

• Trade. U.S. Customs and Border Protection
  "U.S. Customs and Border Protection has direct responsibility for enhancing U.S. economic competitiveness. By reducing costs for industry and enforcing trade laws against counterfeit, unsafe, and fraudulently entered goods, CBP is working to enable legitimate trade, contribute to American economic prosperity, and protect against risks to public health and safety."

Import prohibitions, restrictions, and licenses

• Prohibited and Restricted Items (U.S. CBP)
  There are hundreds of regulations from 40 agencies which are administered by the Customs and Border Protection.

Import licensing

Exporters will need to ensure that the potential customer is licensed.

Sanctions, Controls & Special Procedures

• Sanctions Programs and Country Information (Dept. of the Treasury)
  The United States has sanctions regarding a number of countries, regions and regimes and topics/issues, and individual people (i.e., specially designated nationals). The complete list is provided by the Resource of Centre of the Treasury.

Sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) Requirements

A number of departments and agencies have responsibility regarding human, animal and plant life and health related to the potential import of pests, diseases, disease carrying organisms, disease causing organisms and the risks from additives, contaminants, toxins, disease causing organisms in food, beverages and feedstuff.

• Animal and Plant Inspection Service (APHIS. USDA)
  APHIS regulations cover food and agriculture, animal and animal products, organism and vectors, organisms and soil, plant and plant products.

• Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS. USDA)
  FSIS is responsible for ensuring that the nation's commercial supply of meat, poultry, and egg products is safe, wholesome, and correctly labelled and packaged. FSIS also determines the compliance of other nations' food safety system equivalency with the United States.

• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  The FDA is charged with protecting consumers against impure, unsafe, and fraudulently labelled products other than the meat, poultry, and egg products regulated by FSIS. FDA is also responsible for the safety of drugs, medical devices, biologics, food additives, dietary supplements, animal feed and drugs, cosmetics, and radiation emitting devices.

FDA Registration

FDA registration is the basic requirement for domestic and foreign establishments that manufacture or market food, drug, API, medical devices, or cosmetic products in the USA. Companies that manufacture, process, pack, or store these products in the United States may be required to register with the FDA. Here are some examples of the types of companies that require FDA registration:

• Food manufacturers, processors, and packers
• Drug manufacturers, packers, and repackers
• Medical device manufacturers and importers
• Cosmetics manufacturers and processors

It's important to note that the FDA has specific registration requirements for each type of product, and the registration requirements for all kinds of companies are not the same.

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  EPA writes regulations implementing legislation passed by Congress. A SPS-import-related topic is Residual.

• U.S. SPS Measures and the WTO External
  The U.S. Enquiry Point is responsible for answering relevant questions in the area of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS).

United States – Suriname relations

The United States and Suriname enjoy a close and constructive partnership. Together, these countries work to promote economic prosperity, deepen trade ties, advance shared security interests, and safeguard democracy and human rights in the region. 

The United States Agency for Development (USAID), in partnership with Improving Economies for Stronger Communities (IESC), formally launched in 2024 the regional agricultural program Caribbean Agricultural Productivity Improvement Activity (CAPA).  

USAID CAPA focuses on enhancing regional food security by increasing fruit and vegetable productivity, building the capacity of buyers and input suppliers to strengthen relationships with farmers, improving farm-level extension systems, and efficient use of climate data for agricultural decision making which is well aligned with the regional agriculture agenda and this year’s theme of “Climate Smart Agriculture for Sustainable Future”

CAPA is implemented in Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad & Tobago, and has four objectives:

• Objective 1: Increase smallholder market-led production of fruits and vegetables.
• Objective 2: Improve domestic and regional market linkages for smallholder farmers.
• Objective 3: Strengthen public/private sector extension skills and capacity.
• Objective 4: Improve data collection and utilization on the impacts of climate change/weather patterns on agricultural production.

Additionally, the project will utilise an integrated value chain approach to support value addition and practical storage solutions to preserve shelf life while easing the implementation of on-farm technology like climate-smart practices and shade shelters to boost yields.

6.3.2 European Union

First of all, below is included a screenshot of the recommended tool mentioned in previous sections (ROSA - Rules of Origin Self-Assessment of the European Union) to identify the key requirements and aspects to consider when exporting products to this market:

Illustration 4: Screenshot of the Rules of Origin Self-Assessment tool (ROSA) of the European Union

The following is an overview of the most relevant policies of the European Union. It also supplies information sources of the European Commission as well as other European and international institutions where to find further details.

Import Trade Regime

In order to facilitate the structure and understanding of this section of the guide, import restrictions in the European Union will be indicated by priority sectors:

Agricultural Products

Imports into the EU of certain agricultural products may be subject to the presentation of an import certificate, issued by the competent authorities of the EU Member States, prior to clearance for free circulation, upon request from the importer and security deposit returnable on giving proof of the import. Although this is a procedure required by the European importer, it is important that the Surinamese exporting company takes this into account and discusses this matter with the importer in the negotiation process, in order to avoid problems with delivery.

Import certificates serve several purposes such as monitoring trade flows and providing for the administration of tariff quotas or safeguard measures.

European Commission, Trade, Agricultural Policy and Trade

Food and Feed Safety

The central goal of the EU legislation on food safety is to ensure a high level of protection of human health and consumers' interests in relation to food, whereas EU rules on animal feed are aimed towards the protection of human and animal health, and to some extent to environmental protection.

Regulation (EC) 178/2002 (CELEX 32002R0178) lays down the general principles and requirements of Food Law, and covers all stages of food/feed production and distribution. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) provides the European Commission with independent scientific advice on all matters with direct or indirect impact on food safety. It is a separate legal entity, independent from the other EU institutions.

Imports of foodstuffs must comply with general conditions and measures, which can be reviewed in the official sources of the European Union regulatory agencies.

If a problem likely to pose a serious risk to human or animal health or to the environment appears or spreads on the territory of a third country, the European Commission may immediately, depending on the seriousness of the situation, adopt protective measures, laying down special conditions or suspending imports of products from all or part of the third country concerned.

Animal Health

The EU health legislation on animals and products of animal origin is aimed at protecting and raising the health status of animals (in particular food-producing animals). Imports of animals and products of animal origin must be in accordance with the appropriate health standards and international obligations.

Animals and products of animal origin must comply with a number of general rules, which include:

• The exporting third country must be on a positive list of eligible and authorised countries to export the concerned category of products or animals to the EU.
• Products of animal origin can only be imported into de EU if they come from approved processing establishments of the exporting third country.
• Health certificates signed by an official veterinarian of the competent authority of the exporting third country will accompany imports of animals and animal products.
• Each consignment is subject to health controls at the designated Member State Border Inspection Post (BIP).

However, European authorities can take immediate action by applying temporary protective measures in the event that an outbreak of a disease in a third country presents a serious threat to animal or public health. These measures can comprise the suspension of imports from all or part of the territory concerned or the adoption of special conditions in respect of products from that territory.

TIP:
Visit the European Commission – Health and Consumer Protection section for further information on Animal Health and Welfare, which is crucial for exporters of animal-origin products to the European Union. The section provides details on: Trade and Imports of live animals, Trade and Imports of animal products, General guidance on import and transit rules for live animals and animal products from third countries

Plant Health

The main objective of the plant health measures is to prevent the introduction and/or spread of pests and organisms harmful to plants or plant products across the EU. Regulation (EU) 2016/2031(CELEX 32016R2031)establishes the basic legislation in this field, which is based on the principles of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)- FAO Organisation and the World Trade Organisation Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

Imports of plants and plant products must comply with certain phytosanitary measures that basically require the goods to:

• be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate, issued by the designated authorities of the exporting country.
• undergo customs inspections at the designated Border Inspection Post at the point of entry into the EU.
• be imported into the EU by a registered importer with a Member State's official Register; and
• be notified to the customs office before arrival to the point of entry.

Where consignments of plants or plant products originating in third countries, may pose a risk to the territory of the EU, Member States or the EU itself might take Temporary Emergency Measures.

Besides these mandatory provisions, the placing on the EU market of seeds and plant propagating material must comply with specific marketing requirements designed to ensure that these products meet the criteria for health and high-quality. The EU legislation establishes specific conditions for Oil and fibre plants, Cereals, Vegetables, Seed potatoes, Beet seed, Vines, Fruit plants, Fodder plants, Ornamental plants and Forests.

Furthermore, EU legislation has also established a system for the protection of plant variety rights. On the basis of this system, a breeder may be granted a single intellectual property right operative throughout the European Union. The Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) implements and applies this system.

Marketing standards for agricultural and fishery products

Marketing standards have been laid down in the EU mainly for agricultural and fishery products which are supplied fresh to the consumer, with a view to guarantee the same level of quality for all products placed on the EU market.

• Regulation (EU) 1308/2013 establishes a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products. It provides specific marketing requirements tailored to each product, focusing on aspects such as freshness, size, quality, presentation, and permissible tolerances.
• For fishery products, Regulation (EC) 2406/96 sets common marketing standards that include classification by quality, size or weight, packaging, presentation, and labelling.

Responsibility for ensuring compliance with these standards lies with individual Member States, which must conduct documentary and/or physical inspections of imported agricultural and fishery goods.

New Internal Market Package for Goods

A New Legal Framework for the modernisation of the New Approach has been adopted in the following package of measures:

• Regulation (EU) 2019/515 (CELEX 32019R0515)
• Regulation (EC) 765/2008 (CELEX 32008R0765) (applicable from 1 January 2010)
• Decision 768/2008/EC (CELEX 32008D0768)

This new proposal aims at removing the remaining obstacles to free circulation of products and ensuring that only safe products circulate around all over the EU market. 

EU's General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR): A New Era of Consumer Protection

Applicable from the 13 December 2024, Regulation (EU) 2023/988 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 on general product safety, also called the General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR), replaces the General Product Safety Directive, and ushers in a new era of consumer protection.

The GPSR applies to consumer products, but those designed exclusively for professional use which subsequently reach the consumer market, should also comply with it. It is complementary to other EU specific safety legislation covering any additional aspects and risks not addressed by the requirements of that specific legislation.

The Regulation introduces several important changes affecting both economic operators (EOs) and authorities, with the aim of improving product safety standards across the EU.

Key changes introduced by the GPSR

• Broader product coverage: The regulation now encompasses a wider range of products, including those sold online, new, used, repaired or reconditioned. It also introduces a list of exemptions:
  • medicinal products for human or veterinary use,
  •  food and feed,
  • living plants and animals, genetically modified organisms and microorganisms in contained use,
  • animal-derived and by-products,
  • plant protection products,
  • transport equipment operated by a service provider,
  • low-risk aircraft,
  • antiques,
  • products clearly marked to be repaired or reconditioned prior to use.

• Strengthened risk assessment: EOs must conduct more rigorous risk assessments throughout the product lifecycle.
• Increased accountability for EOs: A responsible economic operator in the EU (an EU manufacturer, importer, authorised representative or a fulfilment service provider) shall be entrusted with tasks relating to the safety of each product covered by the regulation.
• Enhanced market surveillance: National authorities have more powers to conduct more effective inspections of products and take action against unsafe ones. "Safety Gate" focuses on a better exchange of information on measures taken against non-food dangerous products.
• Consumer empowerment: The regulation provides consumers with more information and tools to report unsafe products.
• Cybersecurity measures and AI-related features have been incorporated to safeguard products from external threats and enable product evolution, learning, and predictive capabilities.

6.3.3 Caricom

Member States and Associate Members

All CARICOM countries are classified as developing countries. They are all relatively small in terms of population and size, and diverse in terms of geography and population, culture and levels of economic and social development.

CARICOM countries share similarities and challenges. On the one hand they are all in proximity to major markets in North and South American, and most countries, have had to make the transition from agriculture or mining to a service-driven economy, especially tourism and financial services. On the other hand, they have to overcome the challenges of frequent natural disasters, in addition to small size with associated lack of economies of scale and vulnerability to external shocks.

All members subscribe to the Community’s principles outlined in the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (2002). Leaders of member states shape the Community’s policies and priorities. They meet twice yearly to discuss issues affecting the Community and the wider world at the Conferences of Heads of Government. All members have an equal say regardless of size or economic status. This ensures that every member has a voice in shaping the Caribbean Community.

Internal trade policies of Caricom

• Tariff Measures:Under the Common Market agreement, CARICOM member states are expected to allow the free movement of goods and refrain from imposing import duties on products originating within the region. Progress has been made in removing barriers such as stamp duties and surcharges. However, some countries continue to impose taxes on imports from fellow CARICOM states:
  • Barbados imposes a 10% stamp duty on CARICOM goods.
  • Jamaica applies duties on various goods like milk and steel.
  • Trinidad and Tobago levies duties on oil products and excise duties on cigarettes and alcohol.
  • Other countries (e.g. Grenada, Belize, Dominica, Saint Lucia) impose duties on specific items such as rum, vehicles, and cigarettes.
• Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs):
  While many non-tariff barriers (NTBs) have been reduced in CARICOM Internal Trade, some restrictions remain:(i) Import LicensingMany countries still require import licences for products from CARICOM, especially for agricultural and food products. For instance:
  • Barbados requires licences for coconuts, food products, and amusement machines.
  • Jamaica has a broad licensing regime covering 39 products.
  • OECS countries (Antigua and Barbuda, Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) typically exempt fellow OECS states but impose licensing on goods from More Developed Countries (MDCs) in CARICOM.

  (ii) Import Quotas

  Article 21 of the Common Market Annex prohibits quantitative import restrictions between CARICOM members, although exceptions exist (e.g., for sugar, agricultural products, and petroleum). However, there are exceptions to this rule, especially where States have already made prior contractual obligations. Additional exemptions are indicated in various Schedules with respect to particular products or product categories for which special arrangements are in operation.

  (iii) Import Prohibitions

  Few countries maintain outright import bans, and where they exist, they are usually for sanitary or phytosanitary reasons rather than protectionist motives.

  (iv) Price Controls

  Price controls were initially allowed as transitional measures when implementing the Common External Tariff (CET). Their use has significantly declined and there's little evidence of their application to CARICOM-origin goods.

  (v) Antidumping and Countervailing Measures

  CARICOM member states are permitted to apply antidumping and countervailing duties to address imports sold at unfairly low prices or those benefiting from foreign subsidies. These measures are intended to protect domestic industries from material injury. While most member countries (with the exception of the Bahamas, Belize, Grenada, and Guyana) have relevant legislation, only Barbados has actively imposed such duties against products from within the Common Market—specifically on milk and cream from Trinidad and Tobago.

  (vi) Safeguard Measures

  Safeguards are temporary protective measures taken in response to sudden surges in imports that threaten local industries. Under Articles 28 and 29 of the Common Market Annex, countries may apply such measures to protect their balance of payments or in cases where a domestic industry faces declining demand due to increased imports. Though rarely used, some member states have implemented safeguards: Barbados on pasta, Grenada on brewery products and various others under Article 56, and Saint Lucia on soft drinks and beef patties.

  (vii) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures

  Efforts have been made to harmonise regulations on animal and plant health, though progress has been slow:

  • Animal health legislation has only been enacted in a few countries (e.g., Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, St Kitts and Nevis).
  • For plants, attempts have been made to harmonise quarantine systems across the region, although financial constraints remain a barrier.
  • Several countries, including Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, require import permits and health certificates for animals, plants, and related products.
  • Import bans exist on products from areas affected by pests like the Pink Mealybug.

  (viii) Technical Regulations and Standards

  Article 42(e) of the CARICOM Annex recognises the need for harmonised technical standards. The Caribbean Common Market Standards Council (CCMSC) was established to guide this process.

  • Progress has been slow, with only 97 standards agreed by mid-1996, and 27 of these being mandatory.
  • Most national standards bodies lack the resources and capacity to implement and monitor standards effectively.
  • Only Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago have well-developed laboratories for testing and certification.
  • Some countries rely on foreign standards (e.g., UK or US) due to the absence of national frameworks.
  • Many countries are members of international standards bodies such as CODEX, ISO, and OIML.

  In countries such as Grenada and Guyana, there are no formal laws regarding labelling and marking. Meanwhile, in more developed countries like Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, the Bureaux of Standards manage technical regulations and coordinate with other bodies, such as environmental authorities.

Rules of origin and the application of cumulation provisions in production/manufacturing processes

Exporting products to member countries of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) requires adherence to specific technical and legal requirements to ensure market access and compliance. 

Rules of Origin is based on the general principle of change of customs classification heading, whenever this involves a substantial transformation process. The establishment of specific requirements by product may be necessary. The origin regime allows for cumulative origin, which allows Member States in CARICOM to source inputs into production from the region and still meet the criteria of originating.

Regarding goods produced in the territories which contain inputs from third countries, the c.i.f. value of materials or products from third countries utilized in the process of production should not exceed a percentage of the f.o.b. price of the goods produced or the regional content should not be less than a percentage of the f.o.b. price of the goods produced.

Conclusions and recommendations for exporting to CARICOM countries

While CARICOM has made significant progress toward economic integration, several challenges remain. These include the persistence of certain tariff and non-tariff barriers, inconsistencies in licensing and SPS regulations, and insufficient capacity for standards enforcement. 

Despite the complexity of establishing standard requirements for exporting to CARICOM countries, as it comprises numerous nations with different regulations and standards, the following recommendations should be considered by Suriname´s exporters:

• Common External Tariff (CET): CARICOM implements a Common External Tariff on goods imported from non-member countries. Understanding the applicable tariff rates for your products is essential prior to exportation.
• Certificate of Origin: To benefit from preferential tariff rates within CARICOM, it is necessary for exporters from Suriname to provide a Certificate of Origin, verifying that the goods originate from a CARICOM member state.
• Import Licensing: Certain products may require import licenses, especially those in sensitive sectors such as agriculture and pharmaceuticals. It's crucial to verify the specific import licensing requirements of the destination country within CARICOM.
• Technical Standards and Regulations: Products must comply with the technical standards and regulations of the importing country. This includes adherence to quality standards, labelling requirements, and safety regulations. Engaging with the Bureau of Standards or equivalent authority in the target country can provide guidance on specific requirements.
• Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS): For agricultural and food products, compliance with sanitary and phytosanitary measures is mandatory to protect human, animal, and plant health. This may involve obtaining health certificates, undergoing inspections, and adhering to quarantine regulations.
• Internal Taxes: Beyond import duties, products may be subject to internal taxes such as Value Added Tax (VAT) or excise duties, which vary by country and product type.
• Prohibitions and Restrictions: Some goods may face import prohibitions or restrictions based on health, safety, or environmental concerns. It's essential to consult the specific regulations of the importing country to identify any such limitations.
• Customs Procedures: Familiarity with the customs procedures of the destination country is vital. This includes understanding documentation requirements, customs valuation methods, and any electronic submission processes in place.
• Trade Agreements and Preferential Access: CARICOM has established trade agreements with various countries and regions, potentially offering preferential access or reduced tariffs. Reviewing these agreements can provide insights into additional benefits or obligations.

Given the diversity among CARICOM member states, specific requirements can vary. Therefore, it's advisable to consult with trade authorities or commercial representatives in the target market to obtain detailed and up-to-date information.

7. FAQs

FAQs - Environment and Motivation for Exporting

FAQs - Strategic Planning for Export

FAQs - First steps to export from Suriname

FAQs - The supply chain and logistics in international trade

FAQs - Standard Documentation and Procedures in International Trade

Documentation for Exporting Services